Afotusɛm ntiantia
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Hwɛ dan no mu bere a asɛmmɔne no aduru. Wɔreka sɛ wɔbɛyi nnipa adwuma mu. Aforohyɛ a obiara anhunu sɛ ɛbɛba. Mmerɛ a wɔahyɛ a ɛyɛ mmɔho mmienu a mmoa foforɔ biara nni hɔ. Nsɛm no nyaa firii anom na dan no asakra dada. Nnipa yɛ dinn, anaasɛ wɔhyɛ aseɛ kasa ntɛm. Aniwa kɔ ɛpono no so, kɔ wɔn mfonini ahomatrɛw so, kɔ wo so.
Wɔ saa bere no mu, obiara rebisa asɛm korɔ no ara komm, sɛ wɔbɛka no anaa wɔrenka: yɛho yɛ den anaa? Na ankasa wɔmmisa nsɛm. Wɔrekenkan wʼanim, wo mmati, ne wo nne mu ntɛm. Wɔpɛ sɛ wɔhunu sɛ onipa a ɔwɔ wɔn anim no ho yeraw no anaa, ɛfiri sɛ ɛno kyerɛ wɔn sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn nso wɔyɛ saa anaa.
Yei ne adesoa a ɛyɛ nwanwa a ɛwɔ sɛ wopɛ sɛ woma ekuo bi atim bere a wuntumi nhunu daakye sene wɔn. Wonni mmuaeɛ. Ebia wuusuro te sɛ obiara. Nanso wʼadwuma, wɔ saa bere a wonnim no mu, ne sɛ wobɛyɛ baabi a nnipa bɛtumi agyina.
Asɛm pa no ne sɛ tim a wode ba ahopapaeɛ mu no nyɛ sɛ wowɔ nhyehyɛeɛ. Ɛyɛ nneɛma bi a wobɛtumi ayɛ ankasa, mpo bere a biribiara nsii pi.
Adɛn nti na deɛ wonnim no yɛ ɔfa a ɛyɛ den no
Wɔbɔɔ nnipa sɛ wɔnhwehwɛ asiane, na asiane a ɛda adi no ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛ sɛ wobɛhyia sene deɛ ɛnna adi yie. Asiane a ɛda adi no, wobɛtumi ayɛ biribi. Ahopapaeɛ ma kɔkɔbɔ no kɔ so na baabi nni hɔ a wode tumi no bɛto, enti adwene de tebea a ɛyɛ hu sene biara hyɛ baabi a ɛdaadaa hɔ no ma. Saa ntwaho no yɛ ɔbrɛ, na ɛsa. Onipa baako a ɔwɔ dadwene a ɔsane kenkan email a emu nna hɔ no bɛtumi atwe ekuo mu nyinaa akɔ ntwaho korɔ no ara mu.
Nhwehwɛmufoɔ a wɔsua akanniyɛ ho no afiri aseɛ rebɔ ahopapaeɛ no ankasa din sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma a yɛyɛ no ɛnnɛ mu ade titiriɛ, ɛnyɛ ahum a ɛtwam a ɛsɛ sɛ wotwɛn. Harvard Business Review krataa baako a wɔatwerɛ no nnansa yi ka sɛ adeɛ a mfasoɔ wɔ so a ɔkannifoɔ bɛtumi akyekyere seesei ne sɛ ɔbɛnya abodwoɔ ahoɔden ama deɛ ɔnnim no, tumi a wode bɛkɔ so adwene yie bere a nneɛma a wonnim no dɔɔso sene deɛ wonim no. Saa adwene foforɔ no ho hia ma obiara a ɔtwa wo ho hyia, ɛfiri sɛ ɔkannifoɔ a ɔfa ahopapaeɛ sɛ asiane a ɛntwam da no kyerɛ ekuo no sɛ wɔntena asiane mu daa. Ɔkannifoɔ a ɔfa no sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma no wim tebea a ɛtaa ba no ma obiara kwan sɛ wɔnhome.
Enti adeɛ a ɛdi kan no fa wʼakoma mu, na ɛyɛ komm. Ansa na wobɛka asɛm akyerɛ obiara no, hunu wʼankasa wo tebea. Wo mmati akɔ wʼaso ho anaa? Wʼahome wɔ soro na ɛyɛ ntɛm anaa? Wontumi mfa abodwoɔ a wonni mma ekuo. Ahomeguo a ɛyɛ brɛoo, anan wɔ fam, dinn kakra ansa na woakasa. Ɛyɛ ketewa, nanso nnipa te onipa a ɔrebɔ ne ho ban ne onipa a watɔ ne bo ase no mu nsonsonoeɛ.
Nokware a ɛyɛ den bi hyɛ yei nyinaa mu. Bere a wonnim deɛ ɛbɛba akyiri no, wo pɛ bɛyɛ sɛ wobɛtwɛn akɔsi sɛ wobɛnya biribi a ɛda adi ansa na woaka biribiara koraa. Saa kommyɛ no ntaa nkyerɛ deɛ wʼani da so no. Ɛma ekuo a ɛwɔ dadwene no, ɔkannifoɔ a ɔyɛ komm no nyɛ sɛ ɔdwene ho. Ɔyɛ sɛ obi a ɔde asɛmmɔne hinta, anaa obi a ne ho afi adwuma mu. Ɔpɛ a wopɛ sɛ woyɛ dinn kɔsi sɛ wʼani bɛda hɔ no yɛ akwan a ɛtaa wɔ hɔ a nnipa a wɔwɔ adwene pa fa so ma tebea a emu yɛ den no yɛ bɔne kyɛn.
Bɔ ahopapaeɛ no din pefee
Atenka a ɛba, bere a nneɛma nyɛ den no, ne sɛ wobɛda ahotosoɔ a ɛyɛ kɛse adi. Sere, ka sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yie nyinaa, sesa asɛm no. Nnipa hunu yei mu prɛko pɛ, na ɛsane ba wo so. Anigyeɛ a ɛyɛ atorɔ no yɛ sɛ wonnim hwee anaa wode hinta biribi, na ne mmienu nyinaa ma ekuo bi nya dadwene kɛse, ɛnyɛ kakra.
Adeɛ a ɛtim sene biara ne sɛ wobɛka nokware no pefee. "Mennim sɛdeɛ yei bɛsi seesei. Deɛ menim ni, deɛ mennim ni, na bere a mehwɛ kwan sɛ yɛbɛnya nsɛm pii ni." Ɛno te sɛ deɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛyɛ gyinaeɛ a ɛyɛ den na akokoɔduru wɔ mu, na ɛyɛ biribi a tumi wɔ mu: ɛkyerɛ nnipa sɛ wɔnnyɛɛ adammɔ sɛ wɔn ani nsɔ, na sɛ worenyɛ wɔn ho ade ɔnam atorɔ so.
Amy Edmondson, Harvard nhwehwɛmufoɔ a ɔde adwene mu ahobammɔ adwene baeɛ no, de mfeɛ pii akyerɛ deɛ ɛba bere a nnipa te nka sɛ wɔwɔ ahobammɔ a wɔbɛtumi akasa, abisa nsɛm, na wɔaka sɛ wɔnnte aseɛ. Nʼadwuma kyerɛ ɔkannifoɔ su bi a ɛnyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛbu animtia. Bere a wogye wʼankasa wʼahopapaeɛ ne wʼankasa wo sintɔ tom no, woma obiara nya ahobammɔ sɛ wɔnyɛ saa ara. Deɛ ɛne no bɔ abira, ɔkannifoɔ a daa ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ sɛ ɔnim biribiara no, kyerɛkyerɛ ekuo no komm sɛ wɔmfa wɔn dadwene ne wɔn kɔkɔbɔ nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ nsie, ankasa bere a saa nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ no ho hia sene biara.
Ahopapaeɛ no din a wobɔ no nyɛ sɛ wobɛhwie wo suro nyinaa ne tebea bɔne nyinaa agu ekuo no so. Nsonsonoeɛ wɔ nokwasɛm ne deɛ ɛma nneɛma tu firi wɔn nan ase no ntam. Ka nokware no kyerɛ nnipa wɔ gyinaberɛ a wɔbɛtumi akura mu na wɔayɛ ho biribi. Gyae wʼankasa wo dadwene a ɛrekɔ soro no ho nkɔmmɔ a wode ma wɔn.
Ma nnipa biribi a ɛyɛ den a wɔbɛtumi akura
Bere a mfonini kɛse no ahyɛ kusu no, aduro no nyɛ nkɔmhyɛ a ɛyɛ atorɔ. Ɛyɛ nneɛma kakraa bi a ankasa ɛda so yɛ nokware. Nnipa tumi gyina ahopapaeɛ a ɛyɛ kɛse a ɛfa daakye ho ano sɛ wɔwɔ biribi a ɛyɛ den na wode wo ho to so a wobɛtumi agyina so seesei.
Nneɛma kakra a wobɛtumi de ama mpo bere a wuntumi mma mmuaeɛ:
- Bɔ deɛ ɛnnsesa no din. Wɔ basabasayɛ biara mu no, nneɛma pii da so tim. Adwuma a ɛwɔ dapɛn yi. Sɛdeɛ wofa wo ho wo ho. Deɛ ekuo no ho akokwaw wɔ mu. Sɛ woka deɛ ɛda so yɛ saa adi a, ɛma ahopapaeɛ no mununkum no so tew kɔsi ne kɛseɛ ankasa so, deɛ ɛtaa sua sene sɛdeɛ ɛte.
- Yɛ daakye no tia. Bere a afe a ɛdi soɔ no, obiara ntumi nnim no, kyerɛ nnipa dapɛn mmienu a ɛdi soɔ no. Botaeɛ a ɛyɛ tiawa a ɛda adi na wɔbɛtumi ayɛ no ma dadwene ahoɔden no baabi a mfasoɔ wɔ so a ɛbɛkɔ. Nkɔso wɔ biribi a ɛyɛ nokware so yɛ akwan a ɛyɛ ntɛm a ekuo bi tena ase no mu baako.
- Ka deɛ wobɛyɛ ne bere a wobɛyɛ kyerɛ nnipa. "Mede biribiara a mehunu bɛkyerɛ wo wɔ Fida, sɛ nsɛm no yɛ sɛ nsɛm biara nni hɔ mpo." Nsɛm foforɔ a ɛyɛ nokware a wɔde ma bere ano bere ano yɛ ahosɛm bi. Ɛsi nnipa kwan sɛ wɔde ehu bɛhyɛ kommyɛ no ma.
- Kɔ so yɛ wo daa nneyɛeɛ. Nhyiamu a ɛwɔ hɔ daa, sɛdeɛ nhyiamu firi aseɛ, amanneɛ nketenkete no. Wɔ bere a nneɛma nyɛ den no, yeinom nyɛ nneɛma hunu. Ɛyɛ nsa a wode kura a ɛkyerɛ akoma ahoɔden mfiri sɛ nhyehyɛeɛ no da so kura.
Hunu sɛ yei mu biara nhwehwɛ sɛ wonim sɛdeɛ anansesɛm no bɛwie. Ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wobɛka nokware afa seesei ho na woayɛ deɛ wode wo ho to so wɔ wʼankasa wo nneyɛeɛ ho. Ɛno yɛ ahotoso bi a wobɛtumi ama ankasa.
Sɛe nkɔmmɔ bɔne no kwan denam nokware a wode ma nnipa so
Ahopapaeɛ ntena hɔ kwa nkyɛ. Bere a nnipa nni nsɛm ankasa no, wɔyɛ wɔn ankasa bi, na deɛ wɔbɔ no ɛkame ayɛ daa ɛyɛ esum sene deɛ ɛyɛ nokware. Kɔkɔbɔ a emu nna hɔ a ɛfa "nsakraeɛ bi a ɛreba" ho no dane, bere a aduane awia adu no, ahosɛm a wɔkeka komm sɛ wɔbɛyi obiara a ɔwɔ dwumadibea no mu adwuma mu. Anansesɛm no trɛ wɔ nkɔmmɔdie ne kuo nkrataadie a worenhunu da mu, na bere a wote no, na ayɛ den ayɛ nokwasɛm.
Wontumi nsi nnipa kwan sɛ wɔnnkasa. Wobɛtumi atu nkɔmmɔ bɔne a ɛyɛ hu sene biara denam sɛ wobɛyɛ baabi a nokware firi a wode wo ho to so sene biara wɔ dan no mu so. Ka pii, ɛnyɛ kakra. "Mennim ankasa, na deɛ mereyɛ sɛ mehunu ni" mpo boɔ sene kommyɛ, ɛfiri sɛ ɛma dadwene no baabi a ɛyɛ nokware a ɛbɛto sene sɛ wobɛgyaa no kwan ma ayɛ ne nneɛma. Bere a nnipa gye di sɛ wobɛka deɛ wonim akyerɛ wɔn bere a wobɛtumi no, wɔde ahoɔden kakraa bi na ɛyɛ nsusuiɛ kwa, na pii kɔ so adi dwuma.
Ma nnipa nnya wɔn nkate a wonnnye wɔn ahopere mu
Ekuo a ɔhaw ahyɛ no bɛbrɛ wo suro, abufuo, ne nsɛmmisa pii a wuntumi mma ho mmuaeɛ. Adwene a ɛba ntɛm no ne sɛ wobɛtu mmirika akɔsiesie nkate no ("nha wo ho, ɛbɛyɛ yie") anaasɛ wobɛto so afasuo ("momma yɛnkɔ so nyɛ anigyeɛ na yɛnnhwɛ adwuma"). Ne mmienu nyinaa ma nnipa te nka sɛ wonnhunu wɔn, na nnipa a wɔnhunu wɔn no kasa kɛse anaasɛ wɔn ho fi adwuma mu.
Ɔkwan a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa wɔ hɔ, na ne fa kɛse no yɛ tie. Ma nnipa nka asɛm a ɛyɛ den no. "Yei yɛ deɛ ɛyera adwene" anaasɛ "Mete sɛ wʼani aba wʼadwuma ho, na ɛno yɛ adeɛ a ɛfata koraa sɛ wo ho yeraw wo" yɛ pii sene nkuranhyɛ kasa biara. Wonpene so sɛ amanehunu reba. Worekyerɛ wɔn sɛ wɔn nokwasɛm no wɔ kwan wɔ dan no mu. Harvard Business Review akwankyerɛ a ɛfa akanniyɛ wɔ ahopapaeɛ mu ho no ka asɛm korɔ no ara pefee: gye deɛ nnipa rete nka no tom, ka nokware fa deɛ wonnim ho, na mfa anigyeɛ a wɔahyɛ no nkata so.
Ndomum a ɛyɛ den no ne ɛfa a ɛtɔ so mmienu no: kɔ so tim bere a woreyɛ saa. Wobɛtumi awɛn obi suro mu koraa a woannye bi. Hwɛ wo ho sɛ dan a ɛyɛ komm a wɔbɛtumi aba mu, ɛnyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛsane kyerɛ ahopere no kɛse. Sɛ wohunu sɛ wɔretwe wo akɔ ase a, ɛno ne wo nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ sɛ pue wʼakyi, home, na hwɛ wʼankasa wo gyinaberɛ so ansa na wakɔ so akura wɔn deɛ.
Nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛyɛ tiawa bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wugyina ekuo no anim
Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wugyina ekuo a wɔwɔ dadwene anim ankasa na wuni mmuaeɛ no, nnidisoɔ a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ bi boa:
- Di kan tɔ wo bo ase. Ahomeguo brɛoo baako ansa na woakasa. Wo nipadua na ɛsi dan no wim tebea ansa na wo nsɛm.
- Ka nokware no wɔ gyinaberɛ a wɔbɛtumi de adi dwuma mu. Deɛ wonim, deɛ wonnim, bere a wobɛnya nsɛm pii.
- Gye nkate a ɛwɔ dan no mu no tom a wuntu mmirika nyi nuru.
- Kyerɛ deɛ ɛda so yɛ den ne botaeɛ a ɛbɛn no.
- Hyɛ bɔ pɔtee baako fa sɛdeɛ wobɛma wɔn ate nsɛm ho, na di so.
Wobɛyɛ yei a ɛrenyɛ pɛ. Wobɛdi asɛmmisa bi mu hwam, anaasɛ wo nne bɛwoso sene sɛdeɛ wopɛ. Ɛno yɛ yie, na ampa nokwarem ɛyɛ onipasu wɔ ɔkwan a nnipa gye di. Deɛ wɔbɛkae no nyɛ sɛ na woayɛ wo ho fɛ anaa. Ɛyɛ sɛ na woka nokware anaa, sɛ wotenaa hɔ anaa, na sɛ wosane baeɛ bere a wokaa sɛ wobɛba no.
Bere a ɛkyɛn ɔhaw a ɛyɛ den
Sɛdeɛ wobɛma afoforɔ atim no yɛ adwuma ankasa, na ɛtwe firi wʼankasa wo ahoɔden mu. Sɛ wobɛsoa ekuo afa ahopapaeɛ bere tenten mu bere a worehwɛ wʼankasa wo deɛ so no yɛ nneɛma a ɛma onipa brɛ sene biara mu baako, na ɛwɔ boɔ. Hwɛ nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ no wɔ wʼankasa wo mu: ehu a ɛnnyae, nna a ɛmma, ɔhaw anaa ɔbo a wʼani abere a ɛdi wʼakyi kɔ fie. Sɛ woyɛ deɛ ɔtim ma obiara no nkyerɛ sɛ ɛrentumi nka wo. Ɛtaa ma asiane no kɔ wo so kɛse, ɛfiri sɛ woregye pii na woreka kakra.
Sɛ ɔbrɛ no rema woate bɛnkɛsɛ a, ka kyerɛ obi, oduruyɛfoɔ, adwenehɔsɛfoɔ, onipa a wode wo ho to ne so a ɔnka tebea no mu. Ɛno nyɛ sɛ woapue dwumadie no mu. Ɛno na ɛma wokɔ so wɔ mu. Tim a wopɛ sɛ wode ma wo nkurɔfoɔ no ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsane de bi gu mu firi baabi, na sɛ woyɛ sɛ wunhia saa no ne ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nokware sɛ wode bɛwie bere a wɔhia wo sene biara no.
Obiara ntumi nhyɛ ekuo bi bɔ sɛ biribiara bɛyɛ yie. Deɛ wobɛtumi ayɛ ne sɛ wobɛyɛ onipa a ɔka nokware, kura nhyehyɛeɛ no mu, na ɔnyera bere a ɛyɛ den no. Wɔ kusukuukuu mu no, ɛno nyɛ ade ketewa. Ma nnipa a wɔgyina wo nkyɛn no, ebia ɛno na ɛyɛ adeɛ a ɛtim sene biara a wohunu.
Nsɛnneɛ a wɔnyaeɛ
- Harvard Business Review, Leaders, It's Time to Build Your Tolerance for Uncertainty
- Harvard Business School Working Knowledge, Four Steps to Building the Psychological Safety That High-Performing Teams Need
- Amy C. Edmondson, Psychological Safety
- Harvard Business Review, Our Favorite Management Tips on Leading Through Uncertainty