Afotusɛm ntiantia
- Help a colleague before you ask anything.
- Ask people in, don't assign at them.
- Say their names when the work wins.
Dapɛn a etwaam no na woyɛ kuw no mu biako. Dapɛn yi wo na woredi dwumadie no anim, na nnipa koro no ara da so ara te wo nkyɛn. Obiara mmu ho nkontaa nkyerɛ wo. Ɛnsɛ sɛ obiara yɛ nea woka. Nanso ɔkwan bi so no ɛsɛ sɛ wowie ade no, wɔ bere ano, a obiara retwe kɔ baabi koro.
Eyi ne akannidi a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara, na ɛno nso na ɛtaa ba sen biara. Akannidi dodow no ara a yɛn mu biara yɛ no si nkyɛn mu, ɛnyɛ fam. Woreka nnwuma ahorow mmiɛnsa a wɔredi kan ho abom. Wo ne nea ɔhwɛ so a obiara amfa mmara so amma din. Wo ne nea ohu sɛ adwuma no refi kwan no na ɔka biribi. Ɛnonom mu biara mmfa tumi a wode bɛma obiara ayɛ biribiara mmra.
Atenka a ɛba bere a wunni tumi ne sɛ wobɛpɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wowɔ bi. Sɛ wobɛkasa den kakra, wode email a ɛyɛ sɛ ɔhyɛ kakra bɛkɔ, wobɛka biribi kyerɛ afa nea ɔka kyerɛɛ wo sɛ di eyi anim ho. Ɛno taa sɛe ade wɔ mfɛfo ntam, efisɛ wotumi te agyapadeɛ a wɔfɛm nka fi dan no fa hɔ. Ɔkwan pa bi wɔ hɔ, na nhwehwɛmu a ɛwɔ ho no atim ma ɛyɛ nwonwa.
Deɛ enti a dibea din anyɛ nea ɛho hia da
Biribi a ɛfata sɛ wususuw ho ni: nnipa a wɔwɔ tumi mpo ntaa mfa nni anim. Ɔpanyin a ɛsɛ sɛ ɔkɔ so ka sɛ "efisɛ me ne wura no" no ahwere dan no mu dedaw. Nkɛntɛnso ankasa yɛ biribi a nnipa foforo de ma wo. Harvard Business Review kaa no pefee mfe pii a atwam: akannifo yɛ adwuma bere a afoforo gye wɔn tom saa, denam sɛ wɔfa wɔn nsusuwii aniberesɛm, wodi wɔn afotu akyi, na wɔba wɔn nkyɛn bɛpɛ afotu. Hyɛ no nsow sɛ adeyɛ nsɛm biara a ɛwɔ saa kasamu no mu no yɛ onipa foforo no dea. Wɔtie. Wodi akyi. Wɔdan ba wo nkyɛn. Wumfa emu biara. Woyɛ na wonya.
Nea ɛkyerɛ ne sɛ dibea din a enni hɔ no nyɛ dɛmdi sɛnea ɛte. Ɛyi kwan tiawa no ara fi hɔ na ɛgyaw wo nea ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa: ahotoso, gyidi, ne abakɔsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho wɔ mfaso ma nnipa a wɔatwa wo ho ahyia.
Afiri a ɛyɛ komm: ma ansa na woabisa
Nhyehyɛe a etim sen biara a ɛfa mfɛfo anim a wodi ho no fi aguadi sukuu nhwehwɛmufo baanu, Allan Cohen ne David Bradford, a wɔhwehwɛɛ sɛnea nnipa wie nneɛma wɔ adwumakuw mu bere a wontumi nhyɛ obiara no ho. Wɔn mmuae ne nsaano-nsanam (reciprocity). Yɛn nyinaa kora nkontaabu bi a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, a mpɛn pii yɛnhu, a ɛfa nea waboa yɛn ne nea wammoa yɛn ho. Sɛ woboa wo yɔnko a, wokyekyere biribi a ɛte sɛ ɛka, na nnipa dodow no ara te nka ankasa sɛ wɔsan tua bio.
Wɔn nhumu a ɛyɛ nnam no fa nea wɔfa no sɛ mmoa ho. Cohen ne Bradford ka "sika ahorow" (currencies) ho asɛm: nneɛma soronko a nnipa bu no aboɔden ankasa wɔ adwuma. Yɔnko baako fa no sɛ animuonyam a ɔbenya wɔ wura no anim. Ɔfoforo fa no sɛ nsɛm, anaa adwumasoa a emu dwo, anaa sɛ wɔde no bɛka gyinae a ɛyɛ anigye ho, anaasɛ nea ɛka ne ho sɛ wɔbu no sɛ ɔbenfo kɛkɛ. Mfomso no ne sɛ wobɛfa no sɛ obiara pɛ nea wobɛpɛ. Nyansa no ne sɛ wode w'adwene bɛsi ade so akyɛ na woasua nea onipa biara nnya no ankasa, na afei woayɛ nea ɔde ma.
Eyinom mu biara nyɛ nnaadaa, bere a wufi wo koma mu. Wonntɔ nnipa. Worehyɛ nea wɔhia nsow na woreboa baabi a wubetumi, sɛnea anka wo ani da so sɛ yɔnko pa bɛboa wo no. Akannidi fa no ne sɛ woyɛ no da adwene so, na woyɛ no kan.
Akwan anum a ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa
Sɛ woredi anim wɔ nkyɛn mu a, nneɛma nketewa no na ɛsoa adesoa no dodow no ara. Kakraa bi a wode wo ho to so a ɛboa:
- Bisa, na nnhyɛ. "So wubetumi afa data fa no, esiane sɛ wo na wunim ho yiye nti?" te koraa sen "Mihia sɛ woyɛ data fa no." Nea edi kan no fa wo yɔnko sɛ ɔpanyin a tumi wɔ ne mu sɛnea ɔte. Nea ɛto so abien no fa no sɛ obi a ɔhyɛ w'ase a ɔnyɛ saa.
- Ma botae no nyɛ wura no, ɛnyɛ wo. Nnipa bedi botae a emu da hɔ a wɔakyɛ akyi ansa akyɛ na wɔadi yɔnko apɛde akyi. Kɔ so kyerɛ ade a mo nyinaa mopɛ sɛ moyɛ no, sɛnea dwumadie no bɛtwe kuw no na ɛnyɛ wo na wopia.
- Fa nsɛmmisa di anim. Bere a wonyɛ ɔbenfo panyin sen biara wɔ dan no mu no, w'adwinnade a eye sen biara ne asɛmmisa pa. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ woba hɔ sɛ mo nyinaa mmɔ mu nhwehwɛ mu, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wobɛkyerɛ sɛ wunim yiye. Ɛtaa de mmuae a eye ba sen w'ankasa nsusuwii a edi kan.
- Fa animuonyam ma wɔ den mu na yɛ no mpɛn pii. Mfɛfo hwɛ yiye sɛ wobɛboaboa nkonimdi ano ama wo ho anaa. Yɛ onipa a ɔbɔ nea ɔyɛɛ dɛn pɛpɛɛpɛ din, titiriw bere a akannifo retie. Ayamye a wode ma animuonyam yɛ sika ahorow a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw, na tumi wɔ mu, sen biara a wowɔ.
- Yɛ wo ankasa fa no a mfomso biara nni mu. Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛde nkyɛn tumi ba ntɛm sen sɛ wobɛyɛ wo fa no yiye wɔ bere ano. Wuntumi nnyina gyinapɛn a wo ankasa wunni so no so nhyɛ afoforo, na wɔ mfɛfo fam no, nhwɛso nko ara na wɔde di saa gyinapɛn no so dwuma.
Ma ɛnyɛ ahotɔ sɛ wɔbɛka nokware akyerɛ wo
Sɛ wubedi mfɛfo anim yiye a, ɛnyɛ sɛ wobɛma wɔayɛ ade nko ara. Ɛfa sɛ wobɛma wɔaka nokware akyerɛ wo, a nea worempɛ sɛ wote no ka ho. Dwumadie sɛe komm bere a nnipa hu ɔhaw a ahinta no na wosi gyinae sɛ ɛnyɛ wɔn asɛde sɛ wɔbɛka ho asɛm.
Harvard nhwehwɛmuni Amy Edmondson de mfe pii hwehwɛɛ eyi mu na ɔde din too so: adwene mu ahotɔ (psychological safety). Ɛyɛ atenka a wɔakyɛ sɛ wubetumi aka dadwen, asɛmmisa, anaa mfomso ho asɛm a wɔntwe w'aso anaa wɔmma wonte nka sɛ wonsɛ hwee. N'adwuma a edi kan no daa biribi adi a ɛyɛɛ no nwonwa. Akuw a wɔyɛ den sen biara no bɔɔ mfomso pii ho amanneɛ, ɛnyɛ kakra. Na wɔnyɛ basabasa. Na wɔwɔ ahotɔ ara kwa a ɛma wotumi ka nea ankɔ yiye ho asɛm, a ɛno nko ara ne ɔkwan a kuw bi tumi fa so siesie biribiara.
Ma obi a odi anim a dibea din nni hɔ no, eyi yɛ akyɛde, efisɛ ahotɔ a wobɛkyekyere no nhia tumi biara koraa. Wode sɛnea wugye ade so kyekyere. Sɛ yɔnko bi bɔ ɔhaw bi ho amanneɛ a, da no ase ansa na woayɛ biribi foforo biara. Sɛ woayɛ mfomso a, ka no kan pefee. Sɛ obi nsusuwii nyɛ adwuma a, tetew nsusuwii no ne onipa no ntam. Yɛ saa mpɛn kakra na nnipa besua, a wonnka hwee nkyerɛ wɔn, sɛ nokware a wɔne wo bɛka no yɛ ahotɔ. Saa din a wobenya no bɛboa wo nkɛntɛnso sen dibea din biara a ebetumi ayɛ.
Bere a nkyɛn akannidi no nnyɛ wo dea sɛ wobɛsiesie bio
Ɔhye ankasa bi wɔ ha, na ɛfata sɛ wɔbɔ din, efisɛ sɛ woyɛ wo ho sɛ ɛnte saa a, ɛbɛhaw wo.
Ɛtɔ da a yɔnko bi renne wo ho ɛmfa ho sɛnea woyɛ ayamye anaa wo mu da hɔ. Ɛtɔ da a nnipa baanu a wɔwɔ kuw no mu no wɔ ntawntaw a ɛda adi, anaa obi suban retra hye, anaa adwuma no kɔ so di nkogu efisɛ obiara a ɔwɔ tumi a ɔde bɛkyerɛ nnwuma no ankyerɛ mu da. Ɛnonom nyɛ ɔhaw a wode nsɛmmisa pa ne apɛde pii betumi asiesie. Sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wo nko ara bɛsoa, wɔ tumi a wɔafɛm so a, ɛno na ɛma nnipa pa awie abrɛ na wɔn bo afuw.
Ɛno ne bere a wode obiara a okura tumi ankasa no bɛba: wo panyin, dwumadie no boafo, HR sɛ ɛyɛ suban ho asɛm a. Sɛ woyɛ saa a, ɛnyɛ w'akannidi mu nkogu. Sɛ wuhu nea wubetumi asiesie ano hye, na wode nea aka no ma onipa a ɛfata a, ɛno yɛ akannidi. Wɔde nkɛntɛnso maa wo, ɛnyɛ adwuma a na ɛnyɛ wo dea da.
Na sɛ saa mfimfini dwuma yi rebrɛ wo ase wɔ ɔkwan trɛw so, asɛde a tumi nnim, ɔhaw a ɛba sɛ wode nkitahodi nko ara kura kuw bi mu no, ɛno nso fata sɛ wufa no aniberesɛm. Ne wo panyin nka nea wuhia ankasa na woadi nkonim ho asɛm. Sɛ adesoa no di w'akyi ba fie na ɛtena wo nna anaa w'apɛde mu a, ɔyaresafo anaa ɔdwenemuyaresafo betumi aboa wo ma woasoa. Nnipa anim a wudi yɛ adwuma ankasa, sɛ dibea din biara nka saa mpo a. Wɔama wo kwan sɛ wuhia mmoa wɔ ho.
Nanso mpɛn dodow no ara, ɛyɛ adwuma. Woboa kan. Wobisa sen sɛ wobɛhyɛ. Woma ɛyɛ ahotɔ sɛ wɔbɛka nokware, na wokora wo ankasa fa no ma ɛyɛ kann. Yɛ saa kyɛ na da bi wubehu sɛ kuw no redi w'akyi, ɛnyɛ sɛ obi ka kyerɛɛ wɔn, na mmom efisɛ wɔn ankasa sii gyinae saa. Ɛno ne akannidi a ɛkyɛ.
Nsɛm a wɔatwe afi mu
- Harvard Business Review, How to Lead When You're Not the Boss
- Harvard Business Review, Exerting Influence Without Authority
- Stanford Graduate School of Business, Influence Without Authority (Allan R. Cohen and David L. Bradford)
- Harvard Business School, Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams (Amy C. Edmondson)