Akannie Yɛ Nneyɛeɛ, Ɛnyɛ Dibea

Akuo dodoɔ no ara mu no, onipa bi wɔ hɔ a obiara de ne ho to no so komm. Ebia ɔwɔ adwuma nhyehyɛeɛ krataa no ase kɔ akyiri koraa. Obiara nnyɛ n'adwuma mma no. Nanso sɛ dwumadie bi hyɛ aseɛ tename a, nnipa twe bɛn ne pon. Ɔno na ɔbisa asɛm a obiara mpɛ sɛ ɔbisa wɔ nhyiamu no ase. Ɔkae kɔhwɛ odwumayɛfoɔ foforɔ a n'ani abubu no sɛnea ne ho teɛ. Bere biara, ɔdi nneɛma a ɛnyɛ anika a ɔkaa sɛ ɔbɛyɛ no so, enti nnipa agyae sɛ wɔbɛsan ahwɛ n'adwuma mu.

Saa onipa no redi anim. Dibea no nnya mmɛtoo no, na ebia ɛho renhia da.

Yɛkyerɛw yei ma obiara a watwɛn sɛ wɔbɛyɛ no ɔkannifoɔ ansa na wayɛ ne ho sɛ ɔkannifoɔ. Ɛho nhia sɛ wotwɛn. Nokwarem no, ɔtwɛn no ne afidie no. Akannie, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛsesa sɛnea da bi kɔ so ma nnipa a wɔatwa wo ho ahyia no, yɛ nneyɛeɛ. Ɛyɛ biribi a woyɛ no Benada. Na nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa sɛnea tumi ba ankasa no si yei so dua sen sɛnea nnipa dodoɔ no ara susu.

Dibea no nnyɛ adeɛ no

Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛka no pefee wɔ ha, ɛfiri sɛ saa nneɛma mmienu no fra bere biara. Dibea ma wo tumi, a ɛyɛ hokwan a mmara ama a wode kyekyɛ adwuma, wopene sika botaeɛ ho, na wode wo nsa hyɛ obi fa ho krataa ase. Akannie yɛ biribi foforɔ. Ɛyɛ tumi a wode ka nnipa, na woma kuo bi yɛ adwuma yie, na wonam so ma bere a emu yɛ den no kɔ yie kakra sen sɛ ɛbɛsɛe kakra. Harvard nimdefoɔ Ron Heifetz ne Marty Linsky kaa no pefee: akannie ne tumi nyɛ pɛ. Wobɛtumi anya baako pii nanso baako no kakraa bi.

Yɛn nyinaa ahyia sohwɛfoɔ a ɔwɔ tumi nyinaa nanso ɔnni akannie. Ɔbɛtumi akyekyɛ nnwuma, nanso nnipa yɛ deɛ ɛsua koraa na wɔfa ne ho twa. Na yɛn mu dodoɔ no ara ahyia deɛ ɛne no bɔ abira, ɔyɔnko a ɔnni tumi biara a mmara ama nanso ɔkwan bi so ɔkura kuo no mu. Wɔma wo tumi. Akannie deɛ, wonya no, nneyɛeɛ baako baako, na nnipa na wɔsi gyinaeɛ sɛ wɔbɛma wo bi anaa, ɛgyina deɛ wɔhunu sɛ woyɛ so.

Saa nsonsonoeɛ no ho hia paa bere a wonni dibea biara koraa. Sɛ woayɛ obi ketewa, anaa woyɛ foforɔ, anaa wonni tumi kɛkɛ a, ɛbɛtumi ayɛ wo sɛ akannie yɛ biribi a wɔato mu ato wo ho kɔsi sɛ obi bɛma wo kɔ soro. Ɛnte saa. Mpɛn pii no, ɛkwan no nam ɔfa foforɔ so sen sɛnea nnipa dwene. Woyɛ wo ho sɛ obi a ɛfata sɛ wɔdi n'akyi, na tumi no di kan ba. Dibea no, sɛ ɛba a, taa yɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛkyerɛ deɛ aba mu dada.

Deɛ nnipa hwɛ ankasa

Enti ɛdeɛn na nnipa rehwɛ? Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma mmienu, na emu biara nhia sika botaeɛ anaa ɔpanin dan.

Nea ɛdi kan ne sɛ wowɔ nimdeɛ na woasiesie wo ho anaa. Tumi a tumi mma nni akyi no de ne ho to gyidie a nnipa wɔ wɔ wo mu so kɛseɛ. Bere a nnipa hunu sɛ woayɛ adwuma no, sɛ wonim nokwasɛm no, sɛ wo gyinaeɛ ayɛ papa pɛn no, wɔhyɛ aseɛ gye sɛnea wote tebea bi ase di. Saa gyidie no ne tumi ne fapem. Ɛho nhia sɛ woyɛ onyansafoɔ a ɔkyɛn obiara wɔ dan no mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔyɛɛ n'adwuma pefee na ɔnnyɛ atorɔsɛm.

Nea ɛtɔ so mmienu ne sɛ wobɛtumi de wo ho ato so wɔ daa asetena mu anaa. Woyɛ deɛ wokaa sɛ wobɛyɛ anaa? Wodi w'asɛm so, wode ayamyɛ ma nokware afotusɛm, na wone nnipa di no yie ɛberɛ a wonnya hwee mfiri mu anaa? Ron Carucci a ɔyɛ akannie ho nhwehwɛmufoɔ no twerɛɛ wɔ Harvard Business Review mu kyerɛɛ sɛnea ɔkannifoɔ bɛtumi ayɛ nneɛma a ɛda hɔ pefee nyinaa, adi ne bɔ so na wanya nea ɔrehwehwɛ, nanso ɔda so ara nnyɛ mma, ɛfiri sɛ gyidie no atrɛw komm de sɛ nnipa te nka sɛ wohunu wɔn na wobu wɔn anaa aka ho. Adekɔ so a ɛnsesa ne yei nyinaa ahoɔden a ɛboro asɛm. Nnipa de tumi ma wɔn a wɔbɛtumi ahunu deɛ wɔbɛyɛ dada.

Ɔfa a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛpa no nie. Saa nneɛma mmienu no, nimdeɛ ne ahotosoɔ, wɔda no adi wɔ mmerɛ nketenkete mu, wɔmmɔ ho dawuro. Wonka nkyerɛ nnipa sɛ wobɛtumi de wo ho ato so. Adapɛn kakra a wode wo ho to so mu no, wɔhunu. Ɛyɛ asɛmpa, ɛfiri sɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛtumi ahyɛ aseɛ akyekyere tumi ɛnnɛ, dibea biara a wowɔ dada no.

Nsɛm ketewa bi, akwan mmienu so

Fa no sɛnea adwuma tebea ho nhyiamu bi rekɔ bɔne komm. Ɛda a wɔde bɛyi adeɛ no adi a obiara nim n'akoma mu sɛ ɛrentumi nyɛ yie no da nhyehyɛeɛ no so, na obiara mpɛ sɛ ɔno na ɔbɛka. Ɔpanin sohwɛfoɔ no kɔ so bisa sɛ nneɛma nam ɛkwan pa so anaa. Nnipa kɔ so de wɔn ti ma so kyerɛ sɛ aane.

Ɔkwan a ɛdi kan no so no, obi ketewa bi hunu ɔhaw no, ɔte nka sɛ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔkasa, nanso ɔmene. Ɛnyɛ me dibea. Menni gyinaberɛ. Nhyiamu no ba awieeɛ, ɛda no ka hɔ, na adapɛn mmiɛnsa akyi no, biribiara sɛe wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ tan, a ɛbɔ ka kɛseɛ so, na obiara ka n'akoma mu sɛ na wahunu sɛ ɛreba.

Ɔkwan a ɛtɔ so mmienu no so no, saa obi ketewa korɔ no ka biribi a ɛyɛ mmerɛ na ɛtim. "Metumi aka deɛ merehunu no? Misusuw sɛ mmerɛ nhyehyɛeɛ no gyina nneɛma kakra a ɛnnya nsii so. Yɛbɛtumi afa mu ahwɛ anaa?" Basabasa biara nni hɔ. Sobɔ biara nni hɔ. Nokware asɛm a wode obuo ma nhyiamu no ho nkutoo. Ebia ɛbɛba mu kwa mmerɛ tiawa. Nanso ɛpae kommyɛ no mu, na obi foforɔ ka sɛ "nokwarem no, medwene saa asɛm korɔ no ho dada," na afei kuo no resiesie ɔhaw ankasa sen sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wɔn ho sɛ ahotosoɔ wɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho anim.

Onipa a ɔtɔ so mmienu no nni tumi a ɛboro deɛ ɔdikan no dea so. Dibea korɔ, pon korɔ, tumi a mmara ama a ɛnni hɔ korɔ. Deɛ ɛtee wɔn ntam ne nneyɛeɛ, a wɔpaw wɔ mmerɛ a ɛyɛ sɛkɛn mmiɛnsa mu. Ɛhɔ na akannie ankasa te. Ɛnyɛ dibea a wɔde ma no mu, na mmom gyinaeɛ a wosi mu.

Wɔde akannie ma, wɔmmegye

Nokwasɛm bi a ɛbrɛ onipa ase da yei nyinaa ase. Ɛnyɛ wo na wusi gyinaeɛ sɛ woyɛ ɔkannifoɔ. Nnipa a wɔatwa wo ho ahyia no na wɔsi, ɛnam gyinaeɛ a wɔsi sɛ wɔbɛdi akyi anaa so. Wobɛtumi ayɛ deɛ ɛyɛ nokware biara nanso woda so ara wɔ deɛ wode nya no ahyɛaseɛ. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma no nyɛ "me na medi tumi wɔ ha" koraa na mmom ɛyɛ "me ho wɔ mfasoɔ, me tim, ɛfata sɛ wotie me," a wɔda no adi kɔsi sɛ nnipa ankasa bɛsi so gyinaeɛ.

Yei de ahofadie ba, ɔkwan bi so. Ɛyi nhyɛso a ɛfiri sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ wo ho dawuro anaa wopere din bi ho no firi wo so. Adwuma no ara ne sɛ wobɛyɛ ɔyɔnko a nnipa ani gye ho sɛ ɔwɔ dan no mu. Yɛ saa daa a, tumi bɛn wo komm, te sɛ deɛ ɛfiri adwuma no mu ba nkɛntɛnso. Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛsɔ mu tee, ɛnam ahoyɛ anaa wo ho ayɛyie so a, nnipa taa te sɔ no na wɔtwe wɔn ho. Sɛ wonya no brɛoo a, ɛtena. Sɛ wode nteateam bisa a, ɛtaa mma.

Ma nnipa nte nka sɛ ahotɔ wɔ hɔ ma wɔkasa

Sɛ nneyɛeɛ baako wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ adwuma sen biara a, ɛyɛ yei, na wɔasua ho ade yie. Harvard Business School ɔbenfoɔ Amy Edmondson na ɔyɛɛ asɛmfua adwene mu ahotɔ (psychological safety) maa atenka a wɔn nyinaa wɔ sɛ wobɛtumi akasa, agye mfomsoɔ atom, abisa asɛm a ɛnni nyansa, anaa wode adwene a ɛnnyaa mu koraa ato dwa a wɔntwe w'aso anaa wɔmmɔ w'aniwuo ho. Akuo a wɔwɔ bi no sua adeɛ ntɛm na wɔhunu haw ntɛm, ɛfiri sɛ nnipa ka deɛ wɔhunu ampa.

Deɛ ɛyɛ nwanwa wɔ n'adwuma no ho, na ɛno enti na ɛfata asɛm a ɛfa akannie a dibea nni hɔ ho no mu, ne sɛ wɔde nneyɛeɛ na ɛkyekyere adwene mu ahotɔ, ɛnyɛ dibea. Obiara a ɔwɔ dan no mu bɛtumi ama akɔ soro anaa ama abrɛ ase. Woma ɛkɔ soro bere a woka sɛ "minnim yie, ɛdeɛn na mahwere?" na woma adwene a ɛnnyaa mu yɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ntetee. Woma ɛkɔ soro bere a ɔyɔnko de adwene a ɛntim ba na wode anibereɛ gye so sen sɛ wobɛserew afɛw. Woma ɛbrɛ ase bere a woma obi nu ne ho sɛ ɔkasaeɛ.

Wɔ nsɛm bi a wɔtwerɛ maa Harvard Business Review a ɛfa yei a wɔkyekyere wɔ akuo a wɔahwete mu ho no, Edmondson ne ne mfɛfoɔ atwerɛfoɔ kyerɛkyerɛ nneyɛeɛ no mu pefee: fa adwuma no sɛ biribi a mo nyinaa reyɛ mu bɔ mu ahwɛ, di kan fa w'ankasa nokwaredie, sɛnea afoforɔ nte nka sɛ ahotɔ wɔ hɔ ma wɔdi akyi, na wone nnipa a wɔkasa no di no anisɔ mu sen sɛ wɔde sobo ma. Emu biara nhia dibea. Odwumayɛfoɔ foforɔ a ɔde "papa, m'ani agye sɛ wode baeɛ" bua ne yɔnko asɛm a ɛyɛ hu no reyɛ akannie, ɛhɔ ara.

Nneyɛeɛ a wobɛtumi ahyɛ aseɛ dapɛn yi

Wonkyekyere yei wɔ adesua nhyiamu bi mu. Wokyekyere no wɔ daa nkitahodie mu. Nkakraa bi a ɛma nsakraeɛ ankasa ba:

• Yɛ adeɛ a ɛnyɛ anika a wohyɛɛ ho bɔ no. Wɔmmu ahotosoɔ na ɛho yɛ na. Yɛ onipa a n'asɛm yɛ nokware wɔ nneɛma nketewa ho, na nnipa de akɛseɛ bɛto wo so.
• Bisa asɛm a nnipa a wɔwɔ dan no mu resuro sɛ wɔbɛbisa. Fa ayamyɛ, a wonhoahoa wo ho. "Metumi ahwɛ ahu sɛ mete asiane a ɛwɔ ha ase anaa?" yɛ akannie adeyɛ. Ɛma obiara kwan sɛ ɔdwene den na ɔka.
• Fa animuonyam ma bebree wɔ badwam. Sɛ wobɔ obi a ɔyɛɛ adwuma no ankasa din a, ɛmmɔ wo ka biara na ɛka kyerɛ nnipa sɛ ahotɔ wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔyɛ adwuma pa wɔ wo ho.
• Di kan bere a biribi yɛ den. Gye mfomsoɔ no tom, bɔ basabasayɛ no din, ka asɛm a ɛyɛ akyene no kane. Nnipa di deɛ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔda ne ho adi kakra ansa na wɔn nso ayɛ no akyi.
• Hwɛ obi a ɔrepere. "Wo ho te sɛn ankasa" a wode brɛoo bisa obi a wayɛ komm no yɛ tumi a ɛtim sen biara.
• Tim bere a nsɛm mu yɛ den. Onipa a ne bo dwo wɔ bere a emu yɛ den mu no bɛyɛ deɛ afoforɔ de wɔn ani si no so, a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ obiara nsi ho gyinaeɛ.

Hwɛ sɛ yeinom mu biara nhia kwan a obi bɛma. Ɛno ne asɛm no nyinaa. Wobɛtumi ayɛ emu biara wɔ dibea a krataa so no wonni obiara anim.

Bere a obi a ɔwɔ dibea no si w'ani

Akannie a tumi nni akyi hyia ɔhaw bi a wobɛtumi ahunu sɛ ɛbɛba. Ɛtɔ da bi a, onipa a ɔwɔ dibea no mpɛ sɛ ɔhwɛ tumi a ɛreboaboa ano wɔ obi a ɔnni bi ho. Ebia ɔbɛte nka sɛ wɔama no anim agu ase, anaa sɛ ɔwɔ ahunahuna mu, anaa sɛ ɔrebɔ ne dibea ho ban kɛkɛ. Ɛfata sɛ wosiesie wo ho ma no, ɛfiri sɛ ɛba mpɛn pii na ɛnkyerɛ sɛ woayɛ biribi bɔne.

Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma no ntaa nyɛ sɛ wobɛmia denneennen anaa wobɛpere hann no ho. Ɛyɛ sɛ woma wo tumi no boa botaeɛ a wɔn nyinaa wɔ no pefee sen w'ankasa dibea. Fa deɛ wohunu no di kan brɛ onipa a ɔwɔ tumi no wɔ kokoam, bere a wobɛtumi, sɛnea ɛrenyɛ no nwanwa wɔ afoforɔ anim. Fa deɛ wohunu no sɛ mmoa, ɛnyɛ animtiabuo. Fa animuonyam no ne gyinaesie no ma no. Nnipa dodoɔ no ara gye wɔn ahome yie bere a wɔahunu ampa sɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma adwuma no ayɛ yie na ɛnyɛ sɛ worepɛ sɛ wugye ne dibea.

Sɛ ampa ara wontumi mma ahotɔ mma, sɛ akannie a wode brɛoo yɛ mpo ma wɔsi w'ani mpɛn pii a, ɛno kyerɛ wo biribi ankasa a ɛfa baabi a wowɔ no ho, ɛnyɛ wo boɔ ho. Baabi bi wɔ hɔ a wɔtwe w'aso wɔ mmɔden a wobɔ ho, sɛnea wode ba biara. Sɛ wubehu nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda dan a emu yɛ den a wobɛtumi ama mu ayɛ hyew ne amammerɛ a ɛremma wo kwan ntam a, ɛno yɛ atemmuo bi. Wowɔ ho kwan sɛ wofa saa nsɛm no na wosi deɛ wode bɛyɛ ho gyinaeɛ, a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobɛsi gyinaeɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nko na ɛsɛ sɛ wosiesie dan no.

Kɔkɔbɔ a ɛdwo, a ɛyɛ nokware

Sɛ yɛma ɛyɛ sɛ yei nyɛ den koraa a, anka yɛreyɛ wo bɔne. Akannie a tumi nni akyi yɛ adwuma ankasa, na ɛbɛtumi abrɛ wo ase sɛ woanhwɛ yie a. Ɔbrɛ bi wɔ hɔ a wɔakyerɛw ho a ɛfiri asɛyɛdeɛ a wosoa a tumi a mmara ama anaa animuonyam a ɛfata nni akyi, ɔyɔnko a obiara twere no a ɔhyew komm. Enti yɛ no nkakrankakra. Yɛ ahyeɛ. Wobɛtumi ayɛ deɛ ɔtim no a wonyɛ deɛ ɔno nkoa, na ɛho nhia sɛ wugye biribiara to wo mu ansa na woafata sɛ wɔdi w'akyi.

Sɛ wohunu sɛ akannie a wodi wɔ adwuma mu no rema wo ho yeraw wo, ma wo bo fu, anaa ɛma wo ho ka wo a, ɛno yɛ nsɛm, ɛnyɛ suban mu sintɔ. Ebia ɛkyerɛ sɛ adesoa no nteɛ ampa na ɛfata nkɔmmɔbɔ ankasa ne obi a ɔbɛtumi asesa no. Ebia ɛkyerɛ sɛ woreto agu kɛseɛ sen deɛ wonya san ba. Sɛ wo ne ɔkyerɛkyerɛfoɔ a wode wo ho to no so bɛka ho asɛm, na sɛ adesoa no keka wo nna, w'apɔmuden, anaa sɛnea wote wo ho nka a, ɔfotufoɔ anaa ɔyaresafoɔ, ɛno nyɛ akannie ho mmane. Sɛ wonim w'ankasa ahyeɛ na wobɔ ho ban no yɛ akannie no mu baako a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woanyini.

Nokwasɛm a ɛda komm wɔ yei nyinaa ase ne sɛ wowɔ tumi pii a wobɛtumi anya, seesei ara, sen sɛnea wo dibea kyerɛ. Nnipa resi gyinaeɛ dada sɛ woyɛ obi a wɔbɛtumi de wɔn ho ato so anaa. Wɔde deɛ woyɛ dapɛn yi resi gyinaeɛ no. Wobɛtumi de w'adwene abua saa asɛm no.

Nea efi

• Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Leading Outside Your Authority
• Harvard Business Review, What Psychological Safety Looks Like in a Hybrid Workplace
• Harvard Business Review, Build Your Reputation as a Trustworthy Leader
• Harvard Business Review, Building Influence Without Authority