Ke kū ʻana i luna i ka wā ʻaʻole kekahi ʻē aʻe

Aia kahi ʻano hāmau āu i ʻike paha ai. He hālāwai kahi i kapa ʻia ai kahi pilikia maoli a ʻaʻohe kanaka i pane. He kamaʻilio hui kahi e paheʻe ana kahi hoʻolālā ʻino i kahi ʻae. He hui kahi e paʻahili maopopo ana kekahi kanaka a ʻike nā mea a pau. Maopopo ka mea e pono e hana. ʻO ka mea i nele, ʻo ia kekahi makemake e lilo i ka mea nāna e hana.

Ua noho ka hapa nui o kākou ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o kēlā hāmau. Ua kali kākou i kekahi ʻē aʻe e ʻōlelo, a ua lilo kākou i ke kanaka nāna i ʻōlelo i ka hopena. Pili kēia ʻāpana i ka lua. ʻAʻole ka hana koa, ʻo ka hana maʻamau wale nō, ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole pinepine, o ka komo ʻana i kahi hakahaka ke loaʻa ʻole iā ʻoe kahi inoa e ʻōlelo ai ua ʻae ʻia ʻoe.

Inā ua kānalua ʻoe i kēlā manawa a laila peʻepeʻe iā ʻoe iho ma hope, ʻaʻole ʻoe i nāwaliwali. Ua kūʻē ʻoe i kekahi mea kahiko a aʻo nui ʻia i ke ʻano kanaka. Kōkua ka ʻike ʻana i kona inoa.

No ke aha e noho mālie ai ka lumi

Ma nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomaka ʻelua mea akeakamai noʻonoʻo, ʻo Bibb Latané lāua ʻo John Darley, e nīnau i kahi nīnau e kani maʻalahi ana akā ʻaʻole: ke hewa kekahi mea i mua o kahi pūʻulu kānaka, ʻo wai ka mea e hana maoli?

ʻO ka mea a lāua i loaʻa ai, ua pūʻiwa nā mea a pau, me lāua kekahi. ʻO ka nui aku o ka poʻe i laila, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi aku o ke kūpono e komo kekahi o lākou. Ma kekahi o kā lāua haʻawina, ua lohe nā mea komo i ka mea a lākou i manaʻoʻiʻo ai he kanaka e loaʻa ana ka maʻi mākeke. Ke manaʻo kahi kanaka ʻo ia wale nō hiki ke lohe, hele ka hapa nui i ke kōkua, a wikiwiki. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo lākou aia kahi lumi piha o nā mea ʻē aʻe e lohe ana i ka mea like, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i neʻe, a lōʻihi loa aku ka poʻe i neʻe.

Kapa nā mea noiʻi i kēia ʻo ka hopena nānā wale (bystander effect), a he inoa ko ka ʻenekini ma lalo kūpono e lawe: ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kuleana. Ke kaʻana ʻia ke kuleana ma waena o kahi lehulehu, lilo ia a lahilahi no kēlā me kēia kanaka, a hiki i ka manaʻo mālie o nā mea a pau e mālama kekahi ʻē aʻe iā ia. ʻAʻohe kanaka he naʻau wī. Ke kali wale nei nā mea a pau. Lilo ke kali ponoʻī i pilikia.

ʻAneʻane ʻoi aku ke kanaka o ka hapalua ʻē aʻe o ka hopena. Nānā kākou a puni e ʻike pehea e hana ai. Inā noho mālie a mālie nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau, heluhelu kākou i kēlā mālie ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona ʻaʻole hewa kekahi, a i ʻole he ʻano ʻē ka hana ʻana. No laila, kaohi kākou iā kākou iho. A lilo ko kākou kaohi i hōʻailona no ke kanaka aʻe e kaohi pū. Hiki i kahi lumi holoʻokoʻa ke hoʻohuli iā ia iho i ka hana ʻole me ka ʻōlelo ʻole ʻana o kekahi i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo.

ʻAʻole kēia no nā pilikia wale nō. ʻO ia ka hālāwai kahi e hala kūʻē ʻole ai kahi hoʻoholo hemahema. ʻO ka papahana kahi e ʻike ai nā mea a pau i nā nahā a ʻaʻohe kanaka e hōʻike. ʻO ka mea hoʻolimalima hou e paʻahili ana ʻoiai e nānā ʻē ana he ʻumikūmālua hoa hana ʻike, e manaʻo ana kēlā me kēia e nānā mai kekahi i kokoke aku i ke kūlana.

He aha ka mea e haki maoli ai i ka hau

Eia ka hapa e pono e hoʻololi i kou ʻike ʻana iā ʻoe iho i kēlā mau manawa. Ma ka noiʻi like, haki ke kilokilo i ka manawa e hana ai hoʻokahi kanaka. Ke neʻe i mua hoʻokahi kanaka, hāʻule ka hoʻolaha, a ʻano hahai wikiwiki nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea paʻakikī loa a waiwai loa, ʻo ia ka lilo ʻana i mua.

ʻO kēlā neʻe mua he alakaʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe kanaka e kapa pēlā. ʻO ke alakaʻi ma ke ʻano e koʻikoʻi loa ai, ʻano liʻiliʻi loa kona pili ʻana i kahi inoa a i ʻole kahi wahi ma ke kiʻi hoʻonohonoho. He ʻano hana ia. ʻO ka mea e hoʻoholo, i kahi manawa i lilo ai ke kuleana i pōhaehae, e ʻohi iā ia a e ʻōlelo: naʻu kēia.

Ua haʻi maopopo ka Harvard Business Review i kēia, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lilo i ka luna e lilo ai i alakaʻi, a ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻomaka i nā mea ʻaʻole pili pono iā lākou, ʻano ulu nui aʻe, a loaʻa ka hilinaʻi hou aku, ma mua o ka poʻe e kali i ka haʻi ʻia. ʻAno hahai mai ke kiʻi hoʻonohonoho ma hope. Hiki mua mai ka mana, a hiki mai ia mai ka lilo ʻana i ka mea i neʻe ke paʻa ka lumi.

ʻAʻohe o kēlā e koi i ka walaʻau loa a i ʻole ka kahiko loa. ʻAno hāmau aʻe ia pinepine. He nīnau maopopo. He hāʻawi maʻalahi. He ʻōlelo e kapa ana i ka mea a nā mea a pau i pale ai.

Ka helu hāmau o ka hele mua ʻana

He mea kūpono e ʻoiaʻiʻo no ke kumu e ʻano pipiʻi loa ai ka kū i luna i ka manawa, no ka mea, he maoli ke kumukūʻai a kōkua ke kapa ʻana iā ia.

ʻO ka hele mua, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i ka mea a nā mea noiʻi e kapa ai he pōʻino pili kanaka, ʻo ia ka pōʻino liʻiliʻi o ke kanaka e nānā naʻaupō, hoʻokē, a hewa paha i mua o ka poʻe. Ua kūkulu ke kumu o Harvard ʻo Amy Edmondson i ka nui o kāna ʻoihana ma ka aʻo ʻana i kēia. ʻO kāna ʻike, ma nā haukapila a me nā ʻoihana a me nā hui o kēlā me kēia ʻano, ʻo ia ke noho mālie ka poʻe, ʻaʻole no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou ʻike i ka pilikia akā no ka mea ʻano palekana ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana. E pili paha ka hewa iā lākou. E kani naʻaupō paha ka nīnau. E kāpae ʻia paha ka hāʻawi.

Ke manaʻo kahi hui ua palekana lawa e lawe i kēlā mau pōʻino liʻiliʻi, kapa ʻo Edmondson iā ia he palekana noʻonoʻo, a ʻo nā hui i loaʻa ia, hopu lākou i nā pilikia i ka wā mua, aʻo wikiwiki aʻe, a hana i nā hewa pale ʻia liʻiliʻi aʻe. Ke loaʻa ʻole iā lākou, ʻaʻole nalo nā pilikia. Noho wale lākou me ka ʻōlelo ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia ka ʻino aku.

ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kou hui holoʻokoʻa i kēlā palekana iā ʻoe hoʻokahi. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻike iā ia. I kēlā me kēia manawa āu e nīnau ai i ka nīnau maopopo, e ʻae ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo, a e hāʻawi i ke kōkua me ke noi ʻole ʻia, hana ʻoe iā ia i maʻamau iki aʻe no ke kanaka aʻe e hana like. Hāʻawi ka leo ʻoiaʻiʻo mua i ka ʻae i nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau. ʻO kēlā ʻae kekahi o nā mea lokomaikaʻi loa āu e hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi pūʻulu, a he ʻoluʻolu ʻole wale nō o ka hele mua kona kumukūʻai iā ʻoe.

Ka moʻolelo āu e haʻi ai iā ʻoe iho i ka puana

Aia kahi hakahaka ma waena o ka ʻike ʻana e pono e hana kekahi mea a me ka neʻe maoli ʻana, a nui ka mea e hana ai i kēlā hakahaka. He mau kekona pōkole wale nō ia, a ʻo ia kahi e make ai ka hapa nui o ka kū i luna.

Ma ia mau kekona, kiʻi kou noʻonoʻo i nā kumu e noho ai i lalo, a kani kūpono nā kumu. ʻOi aku ke akamai o kekahi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole maoli kuʻu wahi. Ke heluhelu hewa paha au iā ia. E manaʻo lākou ke hoʻāʻo nei au e lawe i ke alakaʻi. Inā e kali au i kahi manawa, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi i kokoke aku i kēia. He ʻae liʻiliʻi kēlā me kēia manaʻo e hana ʻole, a hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia, kani lākou me he naʻauao. ʻO ka hau wale nō ka mea e ʻōlelo nei.

ʻO ke akamai pono, ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i ka puana ʻoiai e hana nei ia a e mālama iā ia ma ke ʻano he ʻike ma kahi o ke kuhikuhi. Ke ʻike ʻoe i kēlā kānalua, ʻano hōʻike pinepine ʻo ia ua ʻike ʻē ʻoe i kahi mea kūpono e mālama. ʻAʻole ʻo ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole he hōʻailona e hoʻōki. He hōʻailona ʻo ia ke kū nei ʻoe ma ka lihi o ka hakahaka like a nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau e nānā nei. Kōkua ke kapa ʻana iā ia iā ʻoe iho: aia ka hāmau, a eia au e kali ana i kekahi ʻē aʻe, like me lākou. ʻO kēlā ʻike liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia paha nā mea a pau e pono ai e neʻe i kou waha ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kou kānalua.

Kōkua pū ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kaha i loko o kou poʻo ponoʻī. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e pololei. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono iā ia. Pono wale ʻoe e lilo i ka mea e hōʻole nei e ʻae i ka hāmau e kū. Helu kahi nīnau. Helu kahi hāʻawi. Helu ʻo "Ua hewa paha au, akā…" a ʻo ia pinepine ka laina wehe koa loa.

Ke ʻano e lilo ai i ka mea e neʻe

ʻAʻole kēia no ka hehi ʻana i nā mea a pau a i ʻole ke koho ʻana iā ʻoe iho i ka luna. ʻO ia ka pani ʻana i kahi hakahaka kikoʻī āu e ʻike ai a e poaiapuni nei nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kekahi mau mea e kōkua maoli ai.

1. E kapa i kāu mea e ʻike ai, ma ka leo nui a me ka hoʻāhewa ʻole. Haki ka hapa nui o nā hau me hoʻokahi ʻōlelo maʻalahi. "Me he mea lā ke manaʻolana nei kākou a pau e mālama kekahi ʻē aʻe i kēia." "Hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo i kaʻu manaʻo e nele ana iā kākou?" ʻAʻole ʻoe e hoʻopiʻi nei i kekahi. Ke hana nei ʻoe i ka mea ʻōlelo ʻole ʻia i mea hiki ke ʻōlelo, ʻo ia pinepine nā mea a pau e pono ai kahi lumi paʻa.
2. E lawe i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a kūpono, ʻaʻole ka mauna holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i nā mea a pau e haki ai ke kilokilo. E hāʻawi i hoʻokahi mea kikoʻī āu e hana ai. "E kākau au i ka mana mua ma ka Pōʻahā." "E nānā au iā ia ma hope o kēia." ʻO ke kikoʻī a liʻiliʻi ka mea e hoʻololi ai i ka manaʻo i neʻe, a kono ia i nā mea ʻē aʻe e hopu i ka ʻāpana aʻe.
3. E alakaʻi me kahi nīnau ke ʻole ʻoe ka loea. ʻAʻole ʻo ke kū i luna ka hoʻomaalili ʻana ua loaʻa nā pane. I kekahi manawa ʻo ka neʻe ikaika loa, ʻo ia ka nīnau ʻana i ka nīnau ʻaʻole kekahi ʻē aʻe. Koʻikoʻi loa ka hoʻolohe akahele i ka wā ʻole ʻoe ka mea i ʻike maikaʻi loa i ke kumuhana.
4. E noho paʻa, ʻoi loa inā kānalua. Ke paʻakikī nā mea, nānā ʻakomi ka poʻe i ka mea e ʻike ʻia ana he mālie. E hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou leo ma kahi o ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe. He ʻano alakaʻi ka noho paʻa ponoʻī, a hana ʻo ia i kāu manaʻo e kau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka wikiwiki.
5. E nānā i kou kumu. Aia kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kū i luna no ka pono e hana kekahi mea a me ke kū i luna i ʻike ʻia ʻoe e hana. Hiki i ka poʻe ke ʻike i kēlā ʻokoʻa. E komo me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻāʻo ana e kōkua, a e manaʻo ua pēlā nā mea ʻē aʻe. Mālama ia i ka mea holoʻokoʻa me ka maʻemaʻe.

E nānā i ka mea ʻaʻole ma kēlā papa. ʻAʻole pono iā ʻoe ka ʻae, kahi inoa, a i ʻole ka maopopo ua pololei ʻoe. Pono ʻoe e mālama lawa e neʻe, a me ka makemake e ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole no kekahi mau kekona ʻoiai e hana ana.

Ke kaumaha o ia, a me kahi o ka laina

Aia kahi ʻaoʻao malu o ke kū i luna, a he kūpono e kapa iā ia.

Inā lilo ʻoe i ka mea e hoʻopiha mau i ka hakahaka, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāpai mālie i ka hui holoʻokoʻa. He lokomaikaʻi ka hoʻomaka a hiki i kona kahuli ʻana i ka lilo i ka mea e hana i nā mea a pau ʻoiai e kali mau ana nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau. ʻAʻole ʻo ka hoʻoponopono ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kū i luna. ʻO ia ke kū i luna ma ke ʻano e huki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ma kahi o ka ʻae iā lākou e haʻalele. E kapa i ka hakahaka, e lawe i kāu ʻāpana, a laila e hāʻawi i ka ʻāpana aʻe ma ka inoa. "Iaʻu ka mana mua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka nānā?" Ke alakaʻi nei ʻoe. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻūlū nei.

A aia kahi laina paʻakikī aʻe kūpono e ʻike. ʻOi aku kekahi mau kūlana ma mua o kahi nīnau i ka hālāwai a i ʻole kahi hāʻawi kōkua i kahi papahana. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mea e kuhikuhi ana i ka pōʻino maoli, kekahi i ka pōʻino, ka hōʻino, kahi kanaka me he mea e pilikia ana, ʻaʻole ʻo ke kū i luna ka mālama hoʻokahi ʻana iā ia a i ʻole ka lilo ʻana i koa. ʻO ia ka hōʻoia ʻana e hiki mai ke kōkua kūpono. Hiki i kēlā ke maʻalahi e like me ka haʻi ʻana i ka mea hoʻokahi nāna e hiki maoli ke hana, ke kāhea ʻana i ka poʻe nona ka hana, a i ʻole ka noho ʻana me kekahi a hiki i ke kōkua. ʻO ka hele mua, i kēlā mau manawa, ʻano ʻo ia wale nō ka hōʻole ʻana e manaʻo ua kāhea ʻē kekahi.

Pēlā nō no ka uku iā ʻoe. ʻO ka lilo ʻana i ka mea paʻa, ka mea e hana, ka mea e hilinaʻi ai nā mea ʻē aʻe, he hana maoli ia, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻoluhi iā ʻoe me ka manawa, ʻoi loa inā ke hana nei ʻoe iā ia ma nā wahi a pau i ka manawa hoʻokahi a ʻaʻohe kanaka e hana iā ia nou. Inā ʻike ʻoe ʻo ʻoe mau ka mea e hāpai i ka lumi a kakaʻikahi ʻoe ka mea i hāpai ʻia, he mea kūpono ia e nānā. Pau ka paʻa āu e hoʻopiha ʻole ai. ʻO ke kūkākūkā ʻana me kekahi āu e hilinaʻi ai, a i ʻole me kahi loea inā kaumaha loa, ʻaʻole ia he hāʻule o ka ikaika. ʻO ia ke ʻano e mau ai ka ikaika o ka poʻe ikaika.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi o kēia ma mua o ia mau mea a pau. ʻO ia hoʻokahi kanaka, i hoʻokahi manawa maʻamau, e hoʻoholo ana ʻaʻole e kali i kekahi ʻē aʻe. Noho mālie ka lumi. Nānā nā mea a pau a puni. A ʻike ʻoe ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ʻoe ke kekahi a lākou a pau e kali nei.

Nā kumu

• Psychology Today, Bystander Effect
• Simply Psychology, Bystander Effect and Diffusion of Responsibility
• Harvard Business Publishing, Leading When You're Not "the Boss"
• Harvard Business Review, You Don't Need to Be "the Boss" to Be a Leader